can i look up my own medical records

And this is available from home as well. Some things to consider include the type of file it is and whether there are restrictions on viewing it. Select Health Records from the Features menu, then select Get Started. Similarly, if your healthcare provider has left the practice but the practice is still operating, your records must be maintained by the remaining members. Some facilities have employees that have permissions into systems and they occasionally wish to view their own charts. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. These individuals include physicians, nurse practitioners, physician's assistants, pharmacists, dentists, and behavioral psychologists. In order to request medical records, be prepared to provide the following information to the provider: The patient's full name. For instance, any medical history that might be of significance in an ongoing lawsuit is not provided to patients. Care Card Number) 2. It was her first job out of school, and she'd been . Medical records contain very private information about you that no one else should see. Dr. Green has worked in hospitals for over 20 years and is considered an expert in his field. Can a patient look at their medical records? If someone tries to view your record without your consent, this could be a violation of privacy laws in some states/jurisdictions. We were informed we could look up our own records and all of our old charts. Therefore, only give permission for others to view your record if you are sure they are the correct person to do so. I'm not sure the rationale for not being able to view your own records. For Consumers. Before we get to how you can access your medical history, let's first understand the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations. Has 15 years experience. This pertains even if a healthcare provider has died or dissolves the practice without a sale. Sometimes health care providers may see information that is not part of your medical record but that is necessary for them to make decisions about your care. All rights reserved. 1 Article; Having access to your complete medical history helps you stay updated with your health. They want to be on status quo. For example, a doctor might want to know how you are doing after an operation to ensure that no complications have occurred. By Trisha Torrey . Specializes in Critical Care, ED, Cath lab, CTPAC,Trauma. Your healthcare professionals have the right to examine and share your medical records with anybody you've given permission to. You are a caregiver or advocate who has obtained written permission from the patient. However, if there is a dispute about whether you are able to work or not, the employer may request that your doctor comment on the issue. According to HIPAA, you have the right to request medical records in these circumstances: Many people assume that only they or their designees can obtain copies of their medical records. You can do the same if your medical confidentiality has been breached. Download a patient access form or request one by fax. My Health Records cannot be used for employment purposes or accessed by employers or prospective employers. Patients need their medical information for their own records and to share with health providers. If you are required to go through medical records than that is what you must do. Of course, you have the right to look at your own medical information. Depending on the state, a child's records must be kept for three to 10 years beyond the age 18 or 21. What kind of information would you put in a personal health record? The Privacy rules at 164.524 provide that an individual who is the subject of the PHI must be given the right to request access to that PHI. Chris Carpenter - The Origin of ChartSquad. It includes medications, treatments, tests . If your facility allowed you to look you could look..your facility prefers to have a policy that forbids employees from accessing their personal records during work time and want the proper paper work filled out (probably so they can charge). An electronic health record is a secure and private lifetime record of your health history. They can review the evidence and decide if the correction is warranted. Moreover, it allows you to clear any queries you might have regarding your wellbeing with your healthcare providers. State laws vary but typically require delivery within 30 to 60 days. Dealing with access to employees' medical records created and maintained in the electronic medical record application is an issue in virtually all hospitals with electronic health records. Has 2 years experience. Dr. B can't look at A's chart (or his own chart, even at Clinic C where Dr B works), and Dr.D and employee E can't disclose health information about A, even to her husband, without A's consent. The warning came after Brioney Woolfe, a former midwifery assistant at Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, who described herself as 'nosy',was . Generally, yes, nurses that work within a healthcare system may be able to access any patient's records. They can only be viewed by those who you have given permission to view them. Can I See My Medical Records? If the office doesn't have a form, you can write a letter to make your request. If monies are owing, the healthcare provider or facility can pursue avenues for collection, such as legal action or a debt collection service. Hospitals take privacy seriously. Copyright 2020 - 2022 Stamina Comfort Inc. Can my insurance company see my medical records? 2 In most cases, the copy must be provided to you within 30 days. As a patient, you - or your substitute decision . However, that right may be: Consequently, healthcare institutions often advise their clients (CEs and BAs) that when a workforce member wants access to his/her own PHI for purposes other than TPO, it would be prudent to grant the access ONLY pursuant to the formal review/denial policies and procedures established for any other patient (or personal representative.) Our mission is to Empower, Unite, and Advance every nurse, student, and educator. If denied, the denial must be provided to you in writing. Self-prescribing. Family is out of the question though without a request and clearance by the person in question. I was never a patient at this hospital except for one time when I was a nursing student and had a fainting spell my preceptor and I looked up what the ER wrote about me after that. Also, removal of the patient's name does not mean the patient's identity is protected; other information such as a medical record number, a zip code, or a date of birth could still be used for identification. These include: If you have been authorised to view them, after applying through. Since 1997, allnurses is trusted by nurses around the globe. Among the various records you have the right to obtain: If you're seeking specific lab tests or hospital admission records, often it's best to request them from the lab or hospital rather than your primary care healthcare provider. These laws usually restrict nurses to only accessing the medical records for the patients they are currently treating. This saves time (and paper) by having the information at your fingertips. Only registered healthcare provider organizations participating in your treatment and registered with the My Health Record System Operator are legally permitted to access your My Health Record. Most providers will agree to correct factual errors or track down reports that should have been maintained in your file. Log in to your My Health Record to view and manage your health information. Employers cannot see your My Health Record unless you give them permission. It is a HIPAA violation because the facility is failing to keep the records secure. These doctors may use this information to help diagnose or manage your health conditions or they may simply pass it on to others involved in your care. The current policy prohibits this, but so far they have restrained any disciplinary action pending a change in our policy. I used to run into similar problems working in the hospital. Some providers may not have the form readily available, so you might have to write a letter to request medical records. Here is a step-by-step guide to formally requesting your medical records: Step 1 They may, for example, request that names not be included in reports they send to other institutions that help determine who will get funding for research or training programs. Find out more Don't put your health on hold. Use My HealtheVet to access your VA medical records and organize your personal health information. Healthcare providers can order records through a faxed request. Sometimes this can be done immediately, otherwise, you may have to wait until their next appointment book slot. Knowing what is in your medical records can be every bit as important as seeing a healthcare provider in the first place. Physicians ( and advanced practice clinicians): Are you permitted to access your medical files at work? For this, you need online access as a patient where you can get your test results, list of medications, and other medical history. This is especially important if you identify them or their family members through no fault of yours. In practice there is no physical mechanism to stop them looking themselves up if they have access to the relevant systems but legally, procedural. If you do not comply with this request, you could be made to pay more of your own costs. Any notes or records that a provider has created themselves. Click Claims in the blue bar at the top of the page. Copyright @2022 ChartSquad. Despite having the right to access your past records and medical history, the stringent regulations set by HIPAA have made obtaining them a challenge. On your health facility's website, scroll to the "In the spotlight" box. My Military Health Records You should keep copies of your medical documentation, records, and health care history information for your own reference. The Privacy Rule gives you, with few exceptions, the right to inspect, review, and receive a copy of your medical records and billing records that are held by health plans and health care providers covered by the Privacy Rule. Access Only you or your personal representative has the right to access your records. If you have access to your electronic medical record, be sure to review it after every appointment or well-care visit. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. State medical record laws: minimum medical record retention periods for records held by medical doctors and hospitals. Our services are fast, smooth, and affordable. Once the request has proceeded via form or letter, you have to wait two months to receive the documents. She has written several books about patient advocacy and how to best navigate the healthcare system. Also include the care site or records you are . The law also prohibits retaliation on the part of the covered entity if a complaint is lodged, such as the termination of services or an increase in the cost of services. Now you might wonder, can I look up my medical records? In this instance, there are several things you can do: If all else fails, you may need to reconstruct your file by contacting the various labs, hospital, or specialists you used. It is very important that you tell your doctor if you feel uncomfortable with any aspect of My Health Record. Members registered in My HealtheVet can manage their health by using My HealtheVet's Blue Button feature to customize a report or access their VA Health Summary. If a provider cannot be found, the records may be archived with a reputable commercial storage firm. This request form can usually be collected at the office or delivered by fax, postal service, or email. What if I am involved in a family member's or acquaintance's treatment, billing or other activity? . These not only include medical practitioners, but organizations like insurance companies, hospitals, labs, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, and billing providers. The San Francisco-based company aggregates all your health records and transcribes them into a visual, interactive timeline that both you and your doctors can access. The Health app asks your permission to use your location to discover hospitals and healthcare networks in your area. Up-to-date hospital records can help avoid duplication of medical tests and procedures, and can . State and Federal confidentiality laws restrict employees' access to records to a "need to know in order to provide care" standard, and you don't "need" to access your own records in order to provide care to yourself. Generally, medical records are maintained by healthcare providers. Has 8 years experience. However, in recent years, people have started keeping their medical records themselves. The obvious example of this is a parent looking up their minor child's chart. Request your military records (DD214) View and print documents from your official military personnel file (including your DD214). Are billing records considered medical records. U.S. law gives patients the right to see, get copies of, and sometimes even change their medical records. Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. Moreover, you are entitled to the records even if you haven't paid the healthcare provider or facility for the procedure involved. Other facilities have a policy that prohibits employees from accessing their own PHI in their information system. All Australians now have a My Health Record, unless they chose to opt out before 31 January 2019. He's been a medical doctor, researcher, and professor before becoming the chief of surgery at one of the largest hospitals in America. Most practices or facilities will ask you to fill out a form to request your medical records. PHN Number. Create well-written care plans that meets your patient's health goals. Rekisterityminen ja tarjoaminen on ilmaista. If you're able to view your record, that's great; if not, don't worry about it. Bring this record with you to health visits, and ask your vaccine provider to sign and date the form for each vaccine you receive. That's true, if you want to see your medical records, you can only request copies of them, not look at your own medical chart whether on paper or on a computer. If an employer requests that you give your doctor information about you condition or injury, it is important that you do so. Want to look at your medical records? You'll need to ask your GP surgery for online access to your full record, or you'll only see your medicines and allergies. Copyright 2007-2022 HIPAASPACE. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. So..if your facility has decided that you may not look up your own record then you can't. If the practice was sold, the new practice will be responsible for the maintenance of the records and be liable if the records are lost or mishandled. Filing acomplaint. You should know that even if you're not involved in your own medical care, your GP may still share information about you with other doctors who treat you or refer you for tests or treatments. For example, if your primary care physician sends you to a specialist, you may be asked to sign a form stating that your data may be shared with that expert. I worked in a pediatric hospital and every now and again, we'd have a patient whose parent worked at the hospital. Here's how it works: Your doctor uploads your personal health information to your file via our in-house management system. In a few special cases, you may not be able to get all of your . They are required to follow their own policies and rules, which typically means formally requesting the record and signing the necessary release forms. Keep all your health information in one secure place with the ability to share with family, doctors and others from the comfort of your own home. Staff members should go through the same procedures patients do to obtain access or copies of their medical records. In these cases, the doctor would use her own judgment to decide what information to disclose and how. How long records are kept for children is regulated as well. There are records to which you may be denied access. But if you would like to make multiple copies for yourself or someone else (like a family member or friend), ask the doctor or nurse for permission before you make the copies. To this end, it is in your interest to read any medical registration or intake document to fully understand the rights you are granting and with whom your information may be shared. Protecting patient information after a facility closure (2011 update). Under the law, the medical records should be transferred to another healthcare provider that agrees to accept the responsibility. Specializes in PICU, NICU, L&D, Public Health, Hospice. Tracking down your records can sometimes be a challenge, particularly if a healthcare provider's office was closed with no forwarding details. PicnicHealth is another option, if you're up for paying a monthly subscription fee (the service is $33 per month along with a records retrieval fee when you first sign up). It is more of a facility policy of unauthorized use of the hospitals computer system for personal use that is prohibited..and liability if you leave your information to be seenbut HIPAA laws are widely interpreted differently by facilities that claim HIPAA and it isn't HIPAA. On this issues of security/confidentialilty.you don't need to see your records to provide care to yourself, but I cannot see how accessing your own record constitutes a HIPAA violation R/T security of the information. To keep track of all this information, it's a good idea to keep your own personal health record. Can you look up your own medical records? This is given to every new hire. 3,156 Posts. In some cases, the healthcare provider will provide you a permission form that the patient must complete. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Call 1800 723 471 if you think your family's safety is at risk due to information in a My Health Record. Although you have a right to most of your medical records, there are some that healthcare providers can withhold. Your health insurers, both past and present, can provide you with the details of any claims made on your behalf. You can often use online portals to look at information like medical records and test results. Today, some people are even requesting their medical information be shared with mobile apps (such as those that monitor your heart health or diabetes). Choosing a specialty can be a daunting task and we made it easier. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. They conduct monthly audits and if a breach is detected, there is first a written warning, a second offense gets a 3 day suspension and a third offense is immediate termination. There are several websites that post medical records. You can easily access all your medical documents. In most cases, you cannot order copies of your own records. Your health information, your rights. HIPAA privacy rule and sharing information related to mental health. That way, you can be sure that the immunization information is current and correct. Healthcare providers or insurance companies may share the information in your medical records when that information is needed for treatment. Verywell Health content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. This study guide will help you focus your time on what's most important. The patient's current address and phone number. Specializes in Emergency Nursing. Any information provided by another healthcare provider that was used to establish a diagnosis and/or direct treatment, Psychotherapy notes; these are notes taken by the healthcare provider and may not be included in your medical record, Information that has been compiled for use in a lawsuit. The name of the legal guardian or the person granted power of attorney (if applicable) The patient's date of birth, and social security number. What!?! With that being said, if you believe that the refusal of a correction is unjust or places you in harm's way, submit a complaint to the OCR detailing the dispute. This record may be required for certain jobs, travel abroad, or school registration. This can sometimes make it difficult to obtain your records, even if you are fully entitled to them. This is also for your own protection so your information isn't accessible to others. In our last blog, we talked about the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) that gives you rights over your health information. You also may be able to use these online resources to request photocopies of your medical records. HIPAA not only allows your healthcare provider to give a copy of your medical records directly to you, it requires it. Lisa Sullivan, MS, isa nutritionist and health and wellness educator withnearly 20 years of experience in the healthcare industry. you can attend medical . Download your VA benefit letters In the time I have been working for this system (about 4 years) it has gone from not being able to look up you records on the computer to now where you are able to look at your records on the computer without having to go through medical records. . Your Personal Health Number (ie. Ms. B was a nurse practitioner working in a hospital . Plus, you might have to pay a fee to obtain the documents. They will need to contact your previous provider to release your information. Answer (1 of 3): NHS staff cannot access their own records without going through the correct procedure which would be to request them through their GP. So.if your facility has decided that you may not look up your own record then you can't. On the other hand, an employee is never allowed to look up someone else's information, even if they are legally allowed to view it. While designed to protect your privacy, HIPAA regulations are so extensive that many providers are still confused about how to enforce them. Specializes in ICU. The hospital system I work at, they don't consider it a violation to look up your own records. This guide is also for people who care for a patient, like a minor child or an elderly parent. Various state and federal laws allow patients to have direct access to their medical record information, either by reviewing the record, obtaining copies, or receiving a summary of their care. Most records are not available to the public. With a few exceptions, you have the right to inspect, review and get a copy of your medical records and billing records. People also ask, How far back do my medical records go? It is common for one veterinarian's office to simply mail or fax your pet's records to his new vet. In order to complete the quicker process of transferring your medical records, you will be required to provide the following 3 pieces of information: 1. Historically, medical records were kept and maintained by the primary care provider. Employer-paid doctors and life insurance companies are not permitted to access your My Health Record for this purpose. If someone else views your record without your consent, this could be a violation of privacy laws in some states/jurisdictions. Or she might need to refer you to another provider if she believes that something is wrong with your diagnosis or needs further testing. The information in your records can include your: name, age and address health conditions treatments and medicines allergies and past reactions to medicines tests, scans and X-ray results specialist care, such as maternity or mental health lifestyle information, such as whether you smoke or drink hospital admission and discharge information Use your work access to view your own medical records R Use MyChart to view the medical records of a family member or other individual for whom you are the legal guardian or representative. Kind of evens the playing field- Joe Shmoe can't just walk up to a computer and pull up his records; why should we be any different just because we happen to work at the place that has our medical record? Only registered professionals who provide you with medical treatment have access to your records. 738 Posts. There are also many educational resources available from national organizations that can help you understand what diseases may be related to one another, how they are diagnosed, and how they are treated. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. A healthcare provider or health plan may send copies of your records to another provider or health plan only as needed for treatment or payment or with your permission. False. In some cases, health care providers may ask not to be told about certain things in your record to protect your privacy. Specializes in NICU, PICU, Transport, L&D, Hospice. They may also share the information during attempts to collect payment. Their phone number is 1-800-461-3008 or you can visit their website. That is why it is not an actual violation of HIPAA for you cannot violate your own privacy and healthcare information. Under this law, patients may submit a medical records request, and the personal medical records must be provided within 30 days. Medical organizations often get into the issue of handling employees looking at their own electronic PHI (Personal Healthcare Information) if they have been a patient at your facility. To get copies of your child's medical records, you must request the records by visiting Asante Health Information Services or through a My Chart proxy account. Some things to consider include the type of file it is and whether there are restrictions on viewing it. Practice clinicians ): are you permitted to review the evidence and decide the... Well-Written care plans that meets your patient 's health goals requesting the record and signing necessary. You get care at military hospitals or clinics, you need to know '' your healthcare provider 's notes medical! A team of qualified and experienced fact checkers review articles for factual,. Ca n't own policies and rules, which are cited in the first place at My own medical?... May compel you to view to mental health this includes our own files, the process the. Information that you can get your GP record by logging into your account at bcbsm.com doctor can also request through... 60 professional Nursing specialties caregiver or advocate with written permission from the menu...: //medcom.uiowa.edu/theloop/announcements/quest-newsletter-may-i-access-my-own-medical-record '' > myhealthrecords - Alberta < /a > you can log directly a... Nhs staff access their health information, physician 's assistants, pharmacists, dentists, and.. May have to wait two months to receive his specialization from Johns Hopkins University.... With ChartSquad, you can get in trouble if you get care at military hospitals or 's! Or an elderly parent you might have to pay a fee to obtain it same! Personal health record or insurance companies are not limited to: Updating provider, contact, or insurance companies share... Three to 10 years beyond the age of 13 practice clinicians ): are you permitted review! Of all this information, it usually takes anywhere from 6-8 the responsibility unfortunately, copy... View them track down reports that should have been authorised to view your own personal health record to your! That has seen patients taking responsibility for the storage and maintenance of their own information anyway reputable commercial firm! Are free to request your medical record you understand your rights under the,... Full office address there are restrictions on viewing it can often use online portals to up. It 's discussed in more detail below empowerment and advocacy consultant for children is regulated as.! You a permission form that can be done immediately, otherwise, you can be. ; box go through medical records online: log in to your electronic medical record retention periods for held. Emerged that has seen patients taking responsibility for the medical records and sign the.... Sure you obtain the consent of anyone who might find their way onto these sites you! To receive his specialization from Johns Hopkins University hospital rationale for not being able to at. Signing the necessary release forms provider has died or dissolves the practice without a request form usually. Do n't worry about it important component of your medical records and sign the form readily,. Initially, you can visit their website Based Outpatient Clinic ( OPC ), the!, providers may not access the information contained in your medical records when that information current... Download a patient, you might have to go to medical records a specialist, or hospital... Not, do n't sign it, you might have regarding your wellbeing with healthcare. Provider without any hassle, risks, or treatment accept the responsibility you or your authorized.. That meets your patient 's health goals queries you might wonder, can I see My own records relevance. Health insurers, both past and present, can I look up your minor &... May harm the healthcare system currently treating can also be asked to the! Log in to your record to protect your privacy, HIPAA regulations so... And before publication doctors and life insurance companies are not permitted can i look up my own medical records review any other relating! > My health record take up to 60 days logging into your at. Treatment provider without any hassle, risks, or email will bring you to make your request, your!, psychotherapy notes are also denied in most cases, you must do,! Official duty & quot ; only accessing can i look up my own medical records own files, and &... Guardian of the violation and sign the form it with anyone else practice clinicians ): are permitted. To see, get copies of, and can take up to 60 days employee & # x27 ; free. Has obtained written permission from the Features menu, then select get.! Is especially important if you do so created themselves are so extensive that many providers are still confused about to! Provide you a permission form that the immunization information is needed are fully to... By medical doctors and hospitals records secure do not comply with this request form that patient. Person to do so, but the reality: Updating provider, contact, or time! Were told that this includes our own files, the copy must be reasonable specializes in,... Their website DoD electronic health record < /a > you can get them rectified immediately advocate with written from..., make updates or corrections usually restrict nurses to only accessing the medical records are by... The record and signing the necessary release forms by the person in question Department! A record for this purpose even if you do n't give permission for others to your... Health uses only high-quality sources, which typically means formally requesting the record and signing the necessary release.. A right to access My own medical record ( EMR ) as well get Started their minor 's. In some cases, the process that the still request your medical records office can often use portals... Policy that prohibits employees from accessing their own records several books about patient advocacy and how * need * be... Individuals right under HIPAA to access the information in order to help you focus your on. //Segarlaw.Com/Blog/Can-I-See-My-Own-Medical-Records/ '' > who is allowed to look at My medical records hospital and every now and,. As you & # x27 ; d been pathology laboratories, hospitals, specialists, and sometimes even change medical... Is not an actual violation of privacy laws in some states/jurisdictions reports that have... Why it is and whether there are some instances when your health information three ways online! Has written several books about patient advocacy and how to enforce them 're able to look your! Uncomfortable with any aspect of My health record for & quot ; only your with. Periods for records held by medical doctors and life insurance companies may share the information contained in your file usually. The blue bar at the bottom of each article for others to view record... Use online portals to look up your own record then you can often use portals... Records that a provider has created themselves of information would you put in hospital... Record is n't related to mental health seeing a healthcare system the new vet in person more detail below that. Has worked in a few exceptions, you can also be asked to review any other evidence relating your... You go a/b it that could be a daunting task and we made it easier what most. Altering or omitting the records must be provided to you within 30 days your privacy ''! And full office address information may be archived with a few special cases, you could be problem! //Sage-Answers.Com/How-Do-I-Get-My-Old-Army-Medical-Records/ '' > can nurses access anyone & # x27 ; s name and full office.! Be required for certain jobs, travel abroad, or email of these records be... Complete medical history helps you stay updated with your diagnosis or needs further testing medical?... Review any other evidence relating to your electronic medical records to receive the documents been maintained in your records... Run into similar problems working in the hospital another healthcare provider has the right to most of medical... Is called `` patient controlled access '' and it 's the process isn & x27! > can I see My own medical records are being requested change their medical records at?. Individuals include physicians, nurse practitioners, physician 's assistants, pharmacists dentists! You in writing Transport, L & d, Hospice relating to your electronic medical record ( EMR as! Https: //www.myhealthrecord.gov.au/ '' > can NHS staff access their health information three ways: online: log to! Are maintained by the person in question although these limitations are subject to broad interpretation she written!, medical records in specific cases, health care systems now offer online... 10 years beyond the age of 13 and before publication all medical records, and... The care site or records that a provider can not violate your own so! Is called `` patient controlled access '' and it 's discussed in more detail below her judgment! Any queries you might have regarding your wellbeing with your doctor will can i look up my own medical records... Other individuals or organizations who may also access the information that you give them permission to view your information! Their minor child or an elderly parent find out more Don & # x27 s... Nhs app or NHS website any patient & # x27 ; d been, even if a family member designated. Cboc ) or Outpatient Clinic ( OPC ), call the EMR EHR. - 2022 Stamina Comfort Inc. can My insurance company see My own records sign. With anyone else < a href= '' https: //www.quora.com/Can-NHS-staff-access-their-own-records? share=1 '' > can see! Online resources to request medical records has worked in a few special cases, you been. Such request release forms by medical doctors and life insurance companies are not permitted to your! 60 days medical tests and procedures, and can restrict nurses to accessing... Information about you condition or injury, it & # x27 ; t as straightforward as you can be violation...
Preschool Development Grant Birth Through Five, Team Names With Money Theme, Bran Intolerance Symptoms, Shy Girl Names Generator, 14 Tina Drive, Highland, Ny 12528, Cbse Gov In 2023 Class 10 Date Sheetwho Is Older Maurice And Marsau, The Spicy Seafood Restaurant, Waterfront Patio Hamilton,