The hydrothermal alteration, which created this breccia, has been dated to have occurred about 98.2 2.6million years ago using the 40Ar/39Ar method. This amazing stone artefact weighs about 40kg it is 1.15m long and 50cm wide, with a thickness of only about 5cm. The main sources of pre-European history are oral narratives, legends and archaeological findings. They consist of massive carbonatites that are mostly devoid of vesicles. The Richat Structure, also called Guelb er Richt (Arabic: , romanized:Qalb ar-Rt), is a prominent circular geological feature in the Sahara's Adrar Plateau, near Ouadane, westcentral Mauritania, Northwest Africa. To the best of our knowledge, karst collapse phenomena at the summit of an alkaline complex are unique, but may be more frequent than previously believed." This circular geologic feature is thought to be Sparse and widely scattered Neolithic spear points and other artifacts have also been found. The local, apparent wealth of surface artifacts is the result of the concentration and mixing by deflation over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. Analysis of aDNA has This kingdom made it its capital after having conquered it in 990. The dissolution of the Sanhajah League led to a period of unrest. [11], Work on dating the structure was done in the 1990s. Robert Longley is an amateur Atlantis researcher who has visited many of the archaeological sites throughout the world. After extensive field and laboratory studies in the 1960s, no credible evidence has been found for shock metamorphism or any type of deformation indicative of a hypervelocity extraterrestrial impact. Its center consists of a siliceous breccia covering an area that is at least 30 kilometres (19mi) in diameter. The latter contain well-preserved freshwater fossils. The resulting fluids were also responsible for subsequent silicification and hydrothermal infilling. In the eleventh century, its population was close to 30,000 inhabitants. Powered by DevOps Business. While roughly 300 miles inland, the area around the Richat is littered in shells and even whale bones. The dikes are generally about 300m long and typically 1to 4m wide. The siliceous megabreccia is at least 40m thick in its center to only a few meters thick along its edges. The Richat Structure, also called Guelb er Richt, is a prominent circular geological feature in the Sahara's Adrar Plateau, near Ouadane, westcentral Mauritania, Northwest Africa. They took over political power in the Adrar and Hodh regions in the 9th century and founded the Sanhajah League together with two influential Berber groups (Messufa and Djodala). The Richat Structure is a fascinating, circular area located in the Saharas Adrar Plateau in Mauritania. However, in the zones where they are working rock art is scarce. Seen in a broader context, such growth shaped Saharan relations with the great Sudanese empire of Ghana as well as providing the economic foundation for the emergence of a socially stratified Saharan society by the late medieval era. Masters in Archaeology and PhD Archaeology Programs. There are different kinds of archaeology graduate schools. Chinguetti and Ouadane are UNESCO World Heritage Sites because they are vestiges of the once-flourishing civilizations that existed during the era of the Trans-Sahara salt trade. The name Mauritania originates from the ancient kingdom of Mauretania which itself derives from Mauri (meaning Moors), the Berber-speaking people of northwest Africa 3. Mauretania existed as a tribal kingdom from around the 6th century BC. The end of a hundred-year-old archaeological riddle: First dating of the columns tomb Located in modern day Mauritania, archaeological excavations have revealed houses, almost habitable today, for want of renovation and several storeys high. In the field of archaeology, you may study cultural or physical anthropology and specialize in areas such as forensic and medical archaeology, maritime archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Mauritania back to East and West Africa Bibliography Capel, C., Zazzo, A., Salige, J. F., & Polet, J. Kumbi Saleh, the capital of Ancient Ghana, flourished from 300 to 1240 AD. The Kingdom of Mali was replaced by the Songhai Kingdom at the end of the 15th century. But it was not until the end of the 16th century that strong Moroccan troops defeated the Songhai and ended the 700-year dominance of strong, centralized black kingdoms in large parts of present-day Mauritania. The sedimentary rocks composing this structure dip outward at 1020. The caravan trade operated by the Sanhajah traders connected the trading city of Sidschilmasa in the northern Maghreb and Koumbi Saleh, capital of the Empire of Ghana, in the south. It is possible that it was man made. It is certain that they used horses for riding and knew how to forge iron, which gave them a clear advantage over the last representatives of the Neolithic population. So many travelers that have been through this area over the past centuries, its hard to identify cultural centers versus artifacts left by people passing through. A small group of Sanhajah established a religious center from which they preached Islamic reform doctrines. [1], It is an eroded geological dome, 40 kilometres (25mi) in diameter, exposing sedimentary rock in layers which appear as concentric rings. The conquest of Koumbi Saleh by the Almoravids in 1076 ended the hegenomy of Ghana, but the kingdom continued to exist for another 125 years. After less than forty years, however, the expansion of the Almoravids came to a standstill, due to the difficulties that arose from the administration of the now rapidly growing empire. The area does show significant evidence of human habitation arrow heads, ship anchors, pottery, etc. (, International Union of Geological Sciences, "The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites", "The Cretaceous Richat Complex (Mauritania); a peri-Atlantic alkaline", "Resolving the Richat enigma: Doming and hydrothermal karstification above an alkaline complex", "The "eye of Africa" (Richat dome, Mauritania): An isolated Cretaceous alkalinehydrothermal complex", 10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1367:RASDMN]2.0.CO;2, "Multianalytical characterization of silica-rich megabreccias from the proposed natural area of Richat (Sahara desert, Mauritania)", Earths Bulls-Eye, the Eye of Africa, Landmark for Astronauts, Earth's Richat Structure, Astronomy Picture of the Day, October 28, 2002, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richat_Structure&oldid=1119852975, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using Infobox landform with no type, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 November 2022, at 19:25. Students can select from archaeology programs that have online, hybrid, or on-campus classes as well as part-time or full-time schedules. Exclusive deals. Tagense refers to the circular opening of the leather pouch used to draw water from local wells. Archaeology - Visiting Atlantis. [14], The Richat Structure is the location of exceptional accumulations of Acheulean artifacts. The outer ring dike is about 50m in width and lies about 7to 8km from the center of this structure. 11 Archaeological sites spread across 5 administrative areas in Mauritania, The list includes: Archaeological Sites in Mauritania, Historical Sites in Mauritania, Heritage sites in Mauritania, Monuments in Mauritania. This is interpreted as indicating that area of the Richat Structure was used for only short-term hunting and stone tool manufacturing. There are different levels of degrees when it comes to searching for archaeology graduate programs. So it was coastal, or possibly an island at some point in the past. The breccia consists of fragments of white to dark gray cherty material, quartz-rich sandstone, diagenetic cherty nodules, and stromatolitic limestone and is intensively silicified. Various Berber groups of the former Sanhajah League fought among themselves. Reviews for 2 Travel Experts on Mauritania Archaeology . A huge collection of artefacts is found in and around the Richat Structure. [16][17], Artifacts are found, typically redeposited, deflated, or both, in Late Pleistocene to early Holocene gravelly mud, muddy gravel, clayey sand, and silty sand. Researcher; October 2000 - July 2008. [8] A geological expedition to Mauritania led by Thodore Monod in 1952 recorded four "crateriform or circular irregularities" (accidents cratriformes ou circulaires) in the area, Er Richt, Aouelloul (south of Chinguetti), Temimichat-Ghallaman and Tenoumer. Next to them lived the valley farmers who are considered to be the ancestors of the Tukulrs and Wolof. Located in the Adrar region, some 500 kilometers north of Nouakchott, the ancient city of Azougui was founded by the Almoravid ruler, Aboubakr Ibn Amer in the 10th century. Instead of. List of Archaeological sites in Mauritania. Originally a nomadic people, they were among the first in recorded history to convert from a nomadic to agricultural lifestyle. These groups account for Archaeological research in Mauritania has also made use of airborne remote sensing methods. journal of anthropological archaeology 4, 73-115 (1985) background to the ghana empire: archaeological investigations on the transition to statehood in the dhar tichitt region (mauritania) augustin holl department of ethnology and prehistory, university of paris x-nanterre, 92001 nanterre cedex, france received december 21, 1984 in this paper, an Many people believe it is also the site of Atlantis. This list may not reflect In Mauritania the research developed in the thirties and the forties was abandoned. The main sources of pre-European history are oral narratives, legends and archaeological findings. France colonized Mauritania in the early 1900s, although resistance in the north continued into the 1930s. The structure is also the location of exceptional accumulations of Acheulean archaeological artifacts. Mauritania Development after Independence. It shows highly advanced workmanship. These sediments are often cemented into either concretionary masses or beds by calcrete. The Richat Structure of Mauritania has captured the attention of astronauts for about as long as NASA has sent humans into orbit around Earth. These sites are associated with rubbly, outcrops of quartzite that provided the raw material needed for the manufacture of these artifacts. At the end of the 13th century, the Kingdom of Mali ruled the parts of Mauritania that formerly belonged to the Kingdom of Ghana and also the Sahel region of Mauritania and the valley of the Senegal River. Universit de Perpignan. The circular distribution of ridges and valleys is explained as the formation of cuestas by the differential erosion of alternating hard and soft rock layers uplifted as a dome by an underlying alkaline igneous complex of Cretaceous age. This fits with some of the measurements originally given by Plato. This unique structure has become a landmark for space shuttle crews. Archaeological finds on Mauritanian territory show a settlement in the Neolithic. [15][16] These Acheulean archaeological sites are located along wadis that occupy outermost annular depression of this structure. These deposits lie directly upon deeply eroded and weathered bedrock. A kimberlitic plug and several sills have been found within the northern part of the Richat Structure. From their capital, Aoudaghast, the Lamtuna control the loose bund and the western routes of the Trans-Saharan caravan trade. 11 Archaeological sites spread across 5 administrative areas in Mauritania, The list includes: Archaeological Sites in Mauritania, Historical Sites in Mauritania, Heritage sites in Mauritania, Monuments in Mauritania. It was first described in the 1930s to 1940s, as Richt Crater or Richt buttonhole. Five new Mauritanian archaeological sites have been added to the heritage list of the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO), APA learned Tuesday from the Mauritanian Ministry of Culture. It was once believed to have been the evidence of a meteor hit. The Pleistocene to Middle Holocene sediments occur along wadis as thin, meter- to less-than-meter-thick accumulations in the interior annular depressions to 34-meter-thick (1013ft) accumulations along the wadis in the outermost annular depression of the Richat Structure. 11 Archaeological sites spread across 5 administrative areas in Mauritania, The list includes: Archaeological Sites in Mauritania, Historical Sites in Mauritania, Heritage sites in Mauritania, They include rhyolitic volcanic rocks, gabbros, carbonatites and kimberlites. Natalis Rosen comments on VISITING ATLANTIS. [10] While coesite, an indicator of shock metamorphism, had initially been reported as being present in rock samples collected from the Richat Structure, further analysis of rock samples concluded that barite had been misidentified as coesite. One can even notice something similar to a bow at the bottom of the surfboard. Although the Almoravids had predominantly contacts with the Maghreb, the West African kings of Ghana, Mali and Songhai also influenced the history of Mauritania for more than 700 years from the 8th to the 15th century. Thierry Tillet, a Saharien Archeologist and explorer, talks with his friend Bauh-Ahmed for the first time after five years, in a Nemadi camp between Tichitt and Aratane in Mauritania on January 23, Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images The Bafour, a Numerous concordant radiocarbon dates indicate that the bulk of these sediments accumulated between 15,000 and 8,000 BP during the African humid period. [3][4][5], Exposed within the interior of the Richat Structure is a variety of intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. [3][4][6][7], Spectacular hydrothermal features are a part of the Richat Structure. Mauritania's archaeological sites listed as ISESCO Heritage. Archaeological finds on Mauritanian territory show a settlement in the Neolithic. Century brought the Sanhajah Berbers under his rule. 4. Founded in the 3rd century, the UNESCO-listed Archaeological Site of Volubilis in modern-day Morocco was the capital of Mauritania and showcases extensive remains of the Roman city that The Richat Structure. It has a diameter of almost 30 miles and portions of the rock has been dated and range in age from Late Proterozoic (2500 to 541 million years ago) to the Ordovician period (485.4 to 443.8 million years ago). Find the list of all universities to study Archaeology in Mauritania with our interactive university search tool. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, Theories and More Theories about Atlantis. Richard-Molard (1948) considered it to be the result of a laccolithic thrust. In the local dialect, Richat means feather and it also is known locally in Arabic as tagense. Thirty-two carbonatite dikes and sills have been mapped within the Richat Structure. https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_528.html, https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-eye-of-the-sahara-mauritania-s-richat-structure.html. Colonial Mauritius has left abundant archaeological remains, not least the cemetery for slaves and freed slaves established at Le Morne in the nineteenth century. Most now believe that it an uplift that derives from erosion. Mauritania is one of Africas westernmost countries, stretching over 1,000 km inland from the Atlantic coast into the Sahara. Thomassey and Mauny ( 1951 ) deployed aerial imagery to complement their excavations at Koumbi Saleh (southern Mauritania) to document and interpret this site, which was part of the Medieval Ghana empire and was involved in trans-Saharan trade networks. Would anybody know what this could have been? It includes archaeological sites in Mauritania, historical areas in Mauritania, archaeological areas in - Thierry Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images They include the extensive hydrothermal alteration of rhyolites and gabbros and a central megabreccia created by hydrothermal dissolution and collapse. The exact chronology of when the Richat was surrounded by water has yet to be determined. A fascinating stone was found not too far from the site which George S Alexander and Natalis Rosen claim to be the site of Atlantis. Category:Archaeological sites in Mauritania Pages in category "Archaeological sites in Mauritania" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. It has yet to be discovered as to what the Richat Structure is and how it was formed. The Richat Structure of Mauritania has captured the attention of astronauts for about as long as NASA has sent humans into orbit around Earth. This circular geologic feature is thought to be caused by an uplifted domegeologists would classify it as a domed anticline that has been eroded to expose the originally flat rock layers. The finer grained, sandy deposits consist of eolian and playa lake deposits. According to cheeroutdoor, in Mauritania the Almoravids waged a war against Ghana (1062-1076), which ushered in the end of the dominance of the Kingdom of Ghana with the conquest of Koumbi Saleh. In the nineties Robert Vernet (Vernet 1993) actualized the information available for that country. [3][4][7], The Richat Structure is regarded by geologists as a highly symmetrical and deeply eroded geologic dome. It was considered the political capital of the Ghana Empire from the 4th century and served as a deposit of salt and gold, in connection with North Africa. Because of its circular formation, it is also known as the Eye of Africa and the Eye of the Sahara. According to field mapping and aeromagnetic data, the gabbroic rocks form two concentric ring dikes. The view includes the large, flat terrain of the desert so the beautiful formation can not be missed. In its heyday from 8.-10. These sites, the best known of which are those of Azougui, Aoudaghost and Koumbi Saleh, were inscribed at the said meeting of the ISESCO Islamic World Heritage Commission on Monday in Rabat, the same source said. In the local As for Aoudaghost (more than 1,200 kilometers southeast of Nouakchott), it was founded around the 5th century and became, in the Middle Ages, an important commercial center for the Berbers living on the outskirts of the Ghana Empire. For a short time, the Mauritanian Sanhajah dynasty of the Almoravid Kingdom controlled territory that stretched from Spain to Senegal. Based in each African country and in each of the largest capitals in Europe, Asia and the Americas. He looks for patterns of interaction between cultures and sites. Approximately 3.7 million people live in Mauritania, though much of the population lives along its Atlantic coastline, about 500 kilometers (300 miles) from the Richat Structure. The inner ring dike is about 20m in width and lies about 3km from the center of the Richat Structure. On average, Masters in Archaeology program takes 2 5 years to complete, and includes either field or laboratory work, coursework and an original thesis project. The carbonatite rocks have been dated as having cooled between 94and 104million years ago. As early as 1042 they pronounced a jihad (holy war) against infidels and deviants among the Sanhajah and thus founded the movement that later became known as the Almoravids. The south-west of Mauritania, including Tagent, belonged to the Kingdom of Ghana, which reached its peak in the 9th / 10th. The first waves of migration of nomadic Berbers from the north took place as early as the 1st century BC. At the same time their enemies in the north and south had evolved. Today the oil industry finances most of the archaeological research in Mauritania. [13], A 2011 multianalytical study on the Richat megabreccias concluded that carbonates within the silica-rich megabreccias were created by low-temperature hydrothermal waters, and that the structure requires special protection and further investigation of its origin. It was selected as one of the first 100 geological heritage sites identified by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) to be of the highest scientific value. As for Koumbi Saleh (about 1,200 kilometers south-east of Nouakchott), it was only located in 1913 following archaeological excavations. In the 18th century, the Sanhajah Federation operated a decentralized policy based on two groups: nomadic, very independent Berbers who retained their traditional religion and urban, Muslim traders who were involved in the caravan trade. A fascinating stone was found not Masters in Bioarchaeology The Berber and Bafour people were among the first to settle in what is now Mauritania. Cataloging the human record in this part of the world really hasnt been done yet. Use the filter to list universities by subject, location, program type or study level. Mauritanias corpus of rock art is extensive and mostly 25. [9] Origin of Er Richt as an impact structure (as is clearly the case with the other three) was briefly considered, but closer study in the 1950s to 1960s suggested that it was formed by terrestrial processes. The Richat Structure or Guelb er Richat in Mauritania is regarded by geologists as a highly symmetrical and deeply eroded geologic dome. Introduction The Dhar Tichitt, located at 18 2018 27 N and 9 059 30 W, is part of the sandstone cliff series of the South-Central part of Mauritania in southwestern Sahara The Kingdom of Ghana also controlled the southern terminus of the Trans-Saharan trade in gold, ivory and salt. Thierry Tillet, a Saharien Archeologist and explorer, rides his camel after studying rock engravings inscribed onto the ancient rock formation, Makhrouga, in Mauritania on January 26, 2020. Thor Hammer Amulet Discovered in Sweden, Evidence of prehistoric hunting discovered in Arabian desert, Ancient settlement discovered in Turkey, Medieval prayer beads discovered in Britain, Ancient tombs uncovered at the cathedral of Notre Dame, Administrative Centre discovered in Upper Egypt, Prehistoric Burial Mound Discovered in England. They had underground rooms, staircases and connecting halls. Mauritania's archaeological sites listed as ISESCO Heritage December 03, 2019 to 15:57 APA - Nouakchott (Mauritania) Five new Mauritanian archaeological sites have been added to the archaeology; United States; Position. The unity of Morocco and Mauritania in the Almoravid period justifies Moroccan claims to the territory of Mauritania to this day. [12] Renewed study of the formation of the structure by Matton et al. This news portal is an aggregation of all its news sites powered in real time by a network of correspondents. Founded in the 3rd century, the UNESCO-listed Archaeological Site of Volubilis in modern-day Morocco was the capital of Mauritania and showcases extensive remains of the Roman city that was built there. 5. The modern capital of Mauritania, Nouakchott, likely derives from the Berber nawakshut meaning place of the winds. [2], The Richat Structure is a deeply eroded, slightly elliptical dome with a diameter of 40 kilometres (25mi). Use the filters to list programs by subject, location, program type or study level. Ridges typically consist of deeply weathered bedrock representing truncated Cenozoic paleosols that formed under tropical environments. Thor Hammer Amulet Discovered in Sweden, Evidence of prehistoric hunting discovered in Arabian desert, Ancient settlement discovered in Turkey, Medieval prayer beads discovered in Britain, Ancient tombs uncovered at the cathedral of Notre Dame, Administrative Centre discovered in Upper Egypt, Prehistoric Burial Mound Discovered in England. growth of Mauritania's central Adrar-Tagant region was critical to the town's fortunes and fate. The reason I ask: I don't know anything about the state of Archaeology in Mauritania but I have spent several weeks and a few 1000kms in the country as a technical consultant. Certified specialists from Americas #1 agent network. Mauritania has experienced numerous waves of migration and conquest and has accepted it into its complex society. Is Platos account of Atlantis true or not. The Sahara has divided peoples less than they connected and has been an important route for migration and conquest. The beginnings of the history of this region are largely unknown. The most important historical contribution of the Sanhajah and the Almoravids was the Islamization of western Magreb and West Africa. The camel was the guarantee for human survival in this climatic zone and enabled the Berbers to wage war over a wide area. Because of its circular formation, it is also known as The Imraguen, fishermen in the Banc dArguin and the Nemedi, hunters in southeast Mauritania are considered their descendants. List of Archaeological sites in Mauritania. While Mauritania was not as central to colonial interests as some other regions, the French did shift the power balance between some groups, introduce new forms of education systems, and provide new economic opportunities. Pre-Acheulean stone tools also have been found in the same areas. (2015). The easiest, if not the shortest route between Ghana and the northern Maghreb led from Koumbi Saleh via Aoudaghoust, Oualata, Tichitt and Ouadane to Sidschilmasa. The indigenous peoples were defeated after further waves of Berber immigration in the 7th and 8th centuries, the time of the arrival of Islam in North Africa, and either subdued or moved south or fled. It is materialized today by the mausoleum of Imam Al-Hadrami, author of the famous book entitled: Al-ichara vi tadbiril imara.. These intrusive igneous rocks are interpreted as indicating the presence of a large alkaline igneous intrusion that currently underlies the Richat Structure and created it by uplifting the overlying rock. Mauritania. They were also lucky enough to find the camel that came from the east around the 1st century BC. Lost Cities | 0 |. The locals call it the SURFBOARDS OF THE GODS and the photos below are displayed with compliments of BAB SAHARA, a guest house in the area. The sedimentary rock exposed in this dome ranges in age from Late Proterozoic within the center of the dome to Ordovician sandstone around its edges. The main goal of the Almoravids was the establishment of an Islamic empire by strictly applying Islamic law. 2018 Visiting Atlantis, All Rights Reserved. Differential erosion of resistant layers of quartzite has created high-relief circular cuestas. [17], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}210726N 112407W / 21.124N 11.402W / 21.124; -11.402, Circular geological feature in the Sahara desert, "The breccia core is genetically related to plutonic activity, since doming and the production of hydrothermal fluids were instrumental in creating a favorable setting for dissolution. The Bafour, a people of the original Berbers, lived in the land of todays Mauritania as hunters, farmers and fishermen. Igneous rock is exposed inside and there are spectacular rhyolites and gabbros which have undergone hydrothermal alteration, and a central megabreccia. The gravelly deposits consist of mixture of slope scree, debris flow, and fluviatile or even torrential flow deposits. However, since these sites were first discovered by Theodore Monod in 1974,[15] mapping of artifacts within the area of the Richat Structure have found them to be generally absent in its innermost depressions. So far, neither recognizable midden deposits nor manmade structures have been recognized and reported from the Richat Structure. The rhyolitic rocks consist of lava flows and hydrothermally altered tuffaceous rocks that are part of two distinct eruptive centers, which are interpreted to be the eroded remains of two maars. List of 11 archaeological sites spread across 5 administrative areas in Mauritania. Find the right agent for your trip. Arrived in Mauritania. The Richat Structure is a fascinating, circular area located in the Saharas Adrar Plateau in Mauritania. The most important Acheulean sites and their associated outcrops are found along the north-west of the outer ring, from which Wadi Akerdil heads east and Wadi Bamouere to the west. It was first described in the 1930s to 1940s, as Richt Crater or Richt buttonhole (boutonnire du Richt). Open archive 1. Adresse : Rsidence AYA 3me tage A24, Rue MZ81X96 Dakar, Sngal, COPYRIGHT 2016 African Press Agency - Reproduction rights with prior authorization - Developped by MEGALOGI. One of the Berber groups who invaded Mauritania in the 8th century were the Lamtuna. Some had nine rooms. as many spaceman have noted its wondrous view when looking at it from the space shuttle. The kimberlite plug has been dated to around 99million years old. The other two sites are two ksours (fortified villages) in the cities of Atar (440 kilometers north of Nouakchott) and Tidjikja (500 kilometers east of Nouakchott). Most are approximately 12.000 years old or older. (2005) and Matton (2008) confirmed the conclusion that it is not an impact structure. Find the list of all Archaeology Programs in Mauritania with our interactive Program search tool. Richard-Molard (1948) considered it to be the result of a laccolithic thrust. Your e-mail address will not be published.
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