With members of the United Nations and Save the Children rallying to raise funds for Ethiopia since the start of the year, it has become clear that this time the narrative is consciously different. 25 July 1985Abdul Carimo. 2021. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 136 kb. Ethiopia's food shortages and hunger crisis from 1983 to 1985 led to an estimated 1 million famine deaths, according to the United Nations. Her dissertation, supervised by Stephanie Bangarth, examines perceptions of Ethiopians and Ethiopia in twentieth-century Canada. 10 July 1989Paul Fauvet. In the UK there were plans to provide RAF transport to drop food, but there were delays and diplomatic arguments with the Ethiopian Government. 2 November 1984Famine threatens Tete. Civil Strife Keeps food aid from starving in Ethiopia. While numbers vary, it is estimated that over 200,000 people died from famine related causes by October 1984. 11 July 1988Daniel Cuambe. 8 October 1986Effects of famine and drought in Mozambique. Canada was reportedly the 5th largest contributor of aid in Ethiopia in 2015, a tradition of support dating back to 1984. ''We need 45,000 tons of seed by January. From the start it was clear that the Ethiopian government was hostile to foreign media and determined to engage in ideological warfare to subvert the messages to the outside world. In September Oxfam tried to shame governments by giving 500,000, the single largest donation in its 40-year history. Mozambique is used as a case . Appeals/Plans overview; Plan Code list for IATI A third group of refugees had fled when their . 19 February 1987Threat of famine in parts of Zambia and Mozambique. In 1984, the international com munity provided over 308,000 MT of food to Mozambique and in 1985 the In light of a rapidly deteriorating situation, Canada has pledged the allocation of a bulk of the funds through the United Nations World Food Programme ($21.5 million), followed by UNICEF at $2.5 million. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. Cultural Survival conducted a survey with 250 famine victims living in the Sudan. In October 1984 the death toll in Ethiopia was estimated at 200,000. The dilemma was complicated by Ethiopia's 20-year civil war in the northern provinces of Eritrea and Tigre. The major reason for a desperate shortage of food relief, according to the officials, is that the intense international focus on the famine in Ethiopia has diverted attention and dramatically diminished the shipments of emergency food relief to this drought- stricken, rebellion-ridden and bankrupt country of 14 million people. USA, Indonesia, Africa, Middle East Full HD Studio with Fiber Link from Office . Although the drought has eased in much of the country, it has persisted in the south, where Dindiza is situated. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 28 kb. The file units are arranged alphabetically by country and then by topic. Delicious; Google Buzz; Email this video to someone; Tweet; Short Summary. Both events - the 1984 famine and the current food crisis - are also mainly the result of cumulative bad-harvests due to drought. Consequently, Ethiopian officials are reluctant to use the word starvation at this time, in spite of the fact that there are more than 10 million Ethiopians relying on emergency food aid to live. Discusses the problems of getting supplies of food and equipment to African countries witnessing famine. The 'Famine and Forced Relocations in Ethiopia 1984-1986' case study describes the constraints, questions and dilemmas faced by MSF during the famine that decimated Ethiopian populations . 0 reviews An investigation into the conditions of resettlement after the famine. ''But late last year and early this year there was an impression that the problems had been solved because the rains in most of Africa were good, and the harvest picked up. The Province, found in File Folder: Bowdens Prints, Feb-April 1986. Aid agencies blamed Western governments for not doing more. Notcias [Maputo], 10 March 1992. Mozambique: Mozambique Seems Set For Famine Tragedy As Guerrilla War Goes On. am i blind or am i just stupid. Many mistakes were made in the 1980s, both by the West and by the Ethiopian Government. Haunting images and stark rhetoric from decades of civil war and famine during the past century still constitute a large part of Western consciousness of the East African nation. Links to more Africa stories are at the foot of the page. National Catholic Reporter, 14 August 1992. Segurana alimentar e apoio a camponeses: projectos mais importantes da FAO em Moambique conferncia de imprena [sic] sobre dia mundial de alimentao. Disclaimer Critics within the country argue that the government is worried about contradicting its own narrative, which in turn would scare off foreign investors. Few Mozambiquans have set aside seed from the last harvest; either the harvest failed or they have had to eat the seed. With just weeks remaining before the start of the main cropping season in the country, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization is calling for urgent funding to assist farmers in sowing their fields in order to abate drought stricken areas from falling deeper into hunger and food insecurity. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Unruh JD (1995) Post-conflict recovery of African agriculture: The role of 'critical resource' tenure. The Vancouver Sun, May 7, 1988: A7. The exhibit is designed to immerse visitors in the harrowing journey. This is the more dramatic, he added, because the need between now and next April or May will be even greater than in the same calamitous period of 1983-84. [1] Letter to Ontario Premier David Peterson, from Carol Vaughan of the Guelph African (famine relief) Network. The research files for various African countries document Portuguese, German, and British colonialism, imperialism, independence and post-independence civil war mainly in the countries of Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Namibia, and Zimbabwe. The provincial administration had 1,300 tons of relief grain in stock for a population of 831,000, of which more than half are seriously affected by drought. 18 September 1984Seca flagelo de frica: fome em Vilanculo inquieta populaes, necessrio maior auxlio alimentar. There were criticisms that socialist policies were holding back the economy. By October, eight million people were in danger of starvation. Ethiopia's fortunes gradually improved, or at least, the worst was over. As in the past, the current Ethiopian government is currently under fire for slow response to the drought. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 148 kb. But if the West did not help, hundreds of thousands of people would die. . The cause of the famine or drought started when it refused to rain for several months. Accusations of willful ignorance of famines on the part of the Ethiopian government did not die away with the ousting of the Marxist regime as similar criticisms of recent governments have resurfaced. Volume 219- File 1. ''Famine induced by war in, Mozambique and Angola had not gained the awareness in people's minds that drought-related famine in Ethiopia and Sudan had gained. 1984 . Dirio de Notcias [Lisbon], 10 November 1991. This is the more dramatic, he added, because the need between now and next April or May will be even greater than in the same calamitous period of 1983-84. During the 1984 famine, there were widespread reports of the then-ruling Marxist regime of exploiting the famine. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. But Western governments were slow to get involved and aid to Ethiopia was lower than to most other developing countries. In the 1980s global population ballooned by 800 million and annual world production leaped by more than $3 trillion. A food crisis only becomes a famine when large-scale starvation, malnutrition, and death are observed. With images of desperation and desolation from the epic famine of 1984-86 still looming vividly within the memories of many Canadians, alarm bells for yet another severe bout are not yet being met with the urgency and fervor that they once were. It was under the leadership of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and his Progressive Conservative party that David MacDonald, former cabinet minister in Joe Clarks government, came to don the title of Canadian aid Coordinator for the African famine. 14 October 1987Anselmo Tembe. Ethiopia had been a Marxist state since the overthrow of Emperor Haile Selassie in September 1974. 10 November 1991AID considera Moambique o pas mais faminto do planeta. It argues that several generations . Notcias [Maputo], 11 July 1988. Notcias [Maputo], 29 September 1988. The Vancouver Sun, 21 Dec 1987: C5. On 23rd October 1984 the BBC correspondent, Michael Buerk sent this report. Thursday, 6 April, 2000, 21:33 GMT 22:33 UK, The BBC's Michael Buerk in Ethiopia, 23 October 1984, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------, Click here for more news, analysis and features. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. 14 August 1992Steve Askin. That history resonates in todays response to Ethiopias plight, and especially within the rhetoric of aid and critiques of the Ethiopian government. Thank you for reading. Notcias [Maputo], 7 October 1987. This planet is exploding. In May of 1988, MacDonald was still agitating for change in Africa in spite a month long ban on international aid workers that was crippling Canadian relief efforts from reaching the drought stricken northern parts of Ethiopia. 10 July 1989Mozambique food crisis worsens. Those who are displaced - estimates of their number vary from one million to two million - no longer produce food for themselves or for the market. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 63 kb. 19 September 1992Renamo will be blamed for deaths UN. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. This page was last updated on Friday 10 April 2020. In other provinces, the main cause of food shortages is the decadelong war waged by the Mozambique National Resistance against the country's Marxist Government. think im just stupid much. Villages had either run out of food grains or were near the end of their supplies. Mar: Ethiopian Government appeals for international aid, Aug: Thousands dying; six million people at risk, Sep: Europe's bumper harvest - but food stockpiled. 30 May 1989Thousands starve in Mozambique. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 673 kb. The officials say 550,000 tons of food are required to stave off hunger until April. ZIMBABWE/MOZAMBIQUE. mozambique famine 1984. fourlaps equip hoodie February 17, 2022 3:00 pm tornado warning rhode island 2020 No Comments Prev . RMG7D90N - The road to Korem in Ethopia where thousands of famine victims gathered for food aid in 1984. However, the government has also received some praise and recognition for employing a sophisticated food security network developed since the 1984 famine. Crops began to dry up and it was difficult for any plant to survive. Thirty years ago, at the end of November 1984, there was one disaster above all galvanising the world's attention - the famine in Ethiopia, which was eventually to kill up to a million people. We have no money to import enough for our needs. 7 October 1987Manica: mais de 284 mil pessoas ameaadas pela fome. 7 INTRODUCTION urbanization is the movement of people uprooted by drought, famine, ethnic conflicts, civil strife and war. Others had been forcibly resettled in the south by the government and later fled as refugees to the Sudan. Annual Review 1984; Annual Review 1985; Annual Review 1986; Annual Review 1987; Annual Review 1988; Annual Review 1989; Annual Review 1990; Annual Review 1991; . 20 September 1992[Untitled news item: Machungo asks Renamo to accept food aid]. And David MacDonald was entrusted with bringing to fruition the hopes of dreams of Canadians in his role, because Canadians pouring funds into the cause wanted nothing less than visible results. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 204 kb. 99 rue d'Endoume 13007 Marseille Tel : +33 (0)4.84.25.00.61 info (@) setlego.fr. ''We can say there is not enough food for the future,'' said Amos Mahanjane, director of the Department for the Prevention and Control of Natural Calamities. Northern Mozambique emergency page Notcias [Maputo], 4 March 1992. ''Mozambique has natural disasters such as drought, cyclones and floods,'' a Western aid worker said, ''and man-made problems such as economic mismanagement and South Africa's aggression through its support for the rebels. The West feared it would bear the cost of drought aid while the military government of Mengistu Haile Mariam spent money buying weapons and cementing a Marxist-Leninist regime. Television pictures of starving Ethiopian children are once again on Western television screens, 15 years after famine claimed the lives of nearly one million people. Notcias [Maputo], 22 February 1986.Click here to view or download a PDF, size 61 kb. For within Canadian consciousness, 1984 continues to serve as the last harbinger of hope, a hope that was the impetus to mobilize many across the world into action to create what they trusted was positive and permanent change. But under pressure from aid agencies, the West finally pledged extra money. The West was criticised for not reacting to the crisis in time; the Ethiopian Government for its spending on civil war. The Guardian, 10 July 1989. Mozambique itself is virtually without means. However, within the Western mind, the 1984-85 famine year remains to be the international benchmark for the epitome of Ethiopian, and by implicit extension African suffering, and the last moment of hope for concerted effort for the permanent eradication of famine. vens ver os segredos escondidos . But it was more a publicity stunt for proprietor Robert Maxwell, who arrived personally to deliver just 20 tonnes of supplies. Tim Stafford | August 10, 1984 . Google Scholar "Famine Relief: General Scheme for Northern Provinces." . [2] Ken McQueen, David MacDonald Excited By Challenge in Ethiopia, Ottawa Citizen (December 11, 1984). Request From U.S. Embassy. But Ethiopias greatest challenge is that 2015 was a tumultuous year riddled with humanitarian crises. The massive mobilization of humanitarian internationalism to avert unprecedented scales of human suffering and death during the 1984-1986 period of famine in Ethiopia is within living memory for many Canadians. Mikan 4368759 LAC. "The cycles of drought" say Callanan, "are coming closer and closer together; we can count 1974 when there was obviously two, three drought years before that because famine is never a result of just one drought year. When the 1984 famine broke out, the international aid was monopolised by the government causing rebel occupied regions to be withheld from necessary aid. Os Lusadas, V, 42. A leading aid agency says that children as young as 11 are being beheaded in Mozambique's Cabo Delgado province. The geography of drought and famine, 2016. Like many regional African conflicts during the late twentieth century, the Mozambican Civil War possessed local dynamics but was also exacerbated greatly by the polarizing . uw--madison diversity. David MacDonald Collection, Box # R12287, LAC. After three years of drought, most Mozambiquans are now living on relief food, of which reserves are lower than last year at this time. Its extensive coastline, fronting the Mozambique Channel, which separates mainland Africa from the island of Madagascar, offers some of Africa's best natural harbours. Last year, when between 16,000 and 20,000 people were starving in Dindiza, relief workers told the town that food could be brought in only by air; the people built an airstrip. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 31 kb. Carmeliza Rosario. Found in file folder for Relief Organizations and Canadian Assistance, David Macdonald Collection R12287-229-9, LAC. In November the first British relief plane arrived in the capital Addis Ababa, sponsored by UK newspaper the Daily Mirror. the Famine Early . Show more Emergency Conflict in Cabo Delgado has displaced 784,564 people in northern Mozambique since 2017. people celebrating elections; UN trucks; President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos voting. smh, ActiveHistory.ca is supported financially and administratively by the, on 1984: The Parable of Ethiopian Famine and Foreign Aid, 1984: The Parable of Ethiopian Famine and Foreign Aid, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, we do not see any reason why there has to be a repeat of a band-aid moment, the government is worried about contradicting its own narrative, History Slam Episode Eighty-Four: Art History & General Idea, Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, History Department at the University of Saskatchewan. We have no good perspective for the future. . David MacDonald Media Clippings File, #219-4, David MacDonald Collection, LAC. Hunger is already widespread in three provinces - Tete, Sofala and Manica - as well as in regions that are difficult to reach in this elongated country that is twice the area of California. #[2+ sources] Click here to view or download a PDF, size 134 kb. But private relief agencies and diplomats also started saying the Ethiopian Government had not given high enough priority to the famine. This has been the case for decades. In the process they have sometimes killed local aid workers. As aid workers estimate eight million people are at risk from starvation, there are inevitable parallels with the crisis of 1984-85. Maputo renews food aid plea. The report from Korem described people dying every twenty minutes. But the food was not being redirected. mozambique famine 1984downtown el paso parking. hardman funeral home obituaries . [5] As recently as 2009, there was an international appeal by the Ethiopian government for emergency food aid for 6.2 million people. [5] Mike Crawley, So Little To Eat: More Than 11 Million Are facing Starvation. Humanitarian situation reports, response plans, news, analyses, evaluations, assessments, maps, infographics and more on Mozambique [1] The optimism and determination of this period in humanitarianism was clearly infectious and far reaching. 14 DAY GUARANTEE, if not as described! Anyone can read what you share. Rebel attacks have not only heightened the difficulty of distributing relief food, they have also driven many farmers from their productive lands and raised havoc with the normal commercial distribution circuits in areas that escaped the drought. A dire humanitarian emergency is grappling the people of Chad, where severe drought and the war in Ukraine have led to soaring . Get A Copy Amazon Stores Libraries Hardcover, 224 pages Published January 30th 1987 by Routledge (first published January 1st 1987) More Details. One mother told Save the Children she had to watch her 12-year-old son killed in . Chissano accused South Africa of violating a 1984 non-aggression pact between the two countries by continuing its support of the insurgents; South Africa, for its part, says Mozambique has. All these things join forces to cause a cruel food crisis.''. Nor do they fathom the moral calculus of wealthy countries who rush aid to certified famines but coolly ignore the chronic malnutrition responsible for half of the infant mortality on the planet. Mike Davis, Late Victorian holocausts (London: Verso, 2001), p.21. No new harvests of corn or millet, the staple grains, can be expected before next April, and then only if sufficient rains this coming season break the drought and relief seeds reach the population in time for planting. 22 February 1986Provncia do Maputo: redobrar esforos para vencer a fome, recomenda Departamento de Economia do Partido. A WAR AND DROUGHT EXTEND THE FAMINE IN MOZAMBIQUE, https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/09/weekinreview/a-war-and-drought-extend-the-famine-in-mozambique.html. Ajuda alimentar reforada na Emoch: PMA planifica expanso de programas de desenvolvimento. he said. As BBC Correspondent Michael Buerk reported it was enough to last 12 minutes. i still dunno how canadians helped the ethiopians. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 155 kb. Maputo is a city of many tired and listless people and silent, patient food lines. Some petitioned their provincial government into focusing on community-to-community actions between their home province and Africa, and bolstering the potential for sustained individual personal involvement by both Canadians and Africans. Africa, pp. In 1984, it started raining and things began to be normal again. Their efforts were born more of dogged hope than realism: The rain was meager, as all rains have been since 1978, and there were no seeds to plant. [4] Brian Jefferies, Dateline Nairobi: African Tragedy. The response from the rebels was not encouraging; they said they had no plans to stop fighting. Food donations often must be sent by military convoy because the rebels make the roads unsafe. Frelimo victories, but one million starve. In particular, Berhanu Bayih, one of the country's leading Marxist officials, was reported to have "set a new standard of ingratitude by blaming Western donor countries for the level of starvation in his drought-afflicted country". Click here to view or download a PDF, size 108 kb. Decolonizing historical representations through an ethnography of memories of women of power and authority in Zambezia, Mozambique. This thesis discusses the missing or underrepresented women of power and authority within the written history of Mozambique's Zambezi region. (48 Hours on Crack Street), CBS News Overseas Press Club Award (Mozambique Floods . TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. The rebels disrupt agriculture and force villagers to flee their land. 18 September 1984 Seca flagelo de frica: fome em Vilanculo inquieta populaes, necessrio maior auxlio alimentar. Addressing two sets of concerns, this report covers both the abuses relating to the seventeen years of war between the Mozambique Armed Forces and the rebel Mozambique National Resistance, as well . Food shortages are acute almost everywhere else. Mozambique is rich in natural resources, is biologically and culturally diverse, and has a tropical climate. They had only seven trucks and about 1,000 gallons of fuel with which to deliver this food as well as seeds along the ragged dirt tracks that are the only roads. Steve@Malack.com. According to the United States Agency for International Development, "in the fall of . This footage is part of a museum exhibition on the Ethiopian Jewish migration to Israel. With a future saddled by the uncertainty of what nature has called down upon it, Ethiopia, as CBCs Margaret Evans among many others have characterized it, is once again on the edge.. Some had entered eastern Sudan directly from their homes in Tigre, the area most severely affected by famine. Warning signals should have been sounding from 1981, when a drought in Ethiopia wiped out harvests. There are no results for those options. ", which raised 8m for charity. Even at the start of the new millennium, a drought in 2003 raised headlines of Ethiopians with so little to eat, leaving more than 11 million people vulnerable to starvation. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 89 kb. Thirty years ago, at the end of November 1984, there was one disaster above all galvanising the world's attention - the famine in Ethiopia, which was eventually to kill up to a million people.. Macleans, March 17, 2003:25. 12-18 October 1990Karl Maier. As much as the famines of the previous decades have shaped the outside worlds perceptions of Ethiopians, they have left an equally scarring and formative mark on generations of Ethiopians, both within and out of the national boundaries of the nation state. mozambique famine 1984 Agriculture plays a vital role in reducing poverty, as it raises the income of farmers and lowers national food prices. [2], Canadian supergroup Northern Lights sings to raise funds for famine, 1985, Yet the permanent eradication of famine, the cause for which all of this outpouring of support was intended, continued to prevail. Up to 2 million children are currently suffering from malnutrition, with 400,000 acute cases. It is with historic resonance that such statements as we do not see any reason why there has to be a repeat of a band-aid moment from Ethiopian politicians deliver a politically poignant message. Foreign aid was flown into Ethiopia throughout 1985, and two Live Aid charity concerts raised millions of pounds. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 54 kb. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. The degree to which any one governing body is held to be responsible for the emergent circumstances has been, and continues to be, a critical element to the construction of famine discourses surrounding Ethiopia. Notcias [Maputo], 20 July 1988. But a trip last week to the northwestern province of Tete, 1,000 miles from here, provided confirmation of an impending disaster. The great Ethiopian famine of 1984 remembered There is famine in Ethiopia in 2014, but it is known by other fancy names Alemayehu G. Mariam Oct 29, 2014 With the connivance of the 'international community' and a phalanx of aid people, successive Ethiopian regimes have succeeded to hide the reality of famine facing millions of its people every year. The benefits of that shift may be felt in the long run. Canadian aid agencies had forewarned that even the most pressing problems faced by the people of the drought-stricken zones of Africa were not going to be overcome by March 31, 1986, when the Mulroney government had instructed David MacDonald, Canadian emergency coordinator for African relief, to wind down his work. More importantly, in the minds of many, the 1984-85 campaign remains as the last lynchpin of hope in the concerted effort for the permanent eradication of famine. Relief officials say nearly four million people in this nation of 13 million face starvation or severe food shortages. Apesar de melhorias, Tete ainda necessita de ajuda alimentar: Machungo visita Angnia. Mozambique has shown a significant commitment to economic growth and development since the end of a fifteen year Civil War in 1992. (10) Unless definite steps are taken to reverse the trend, it can be expected that the increases in population, urbanisation, and urban poverty will result in higher levels of all forms of violence. Instead they depend on aid. 10 March 1992Sofala: fome e seca ameaam duzentas mil pessoas. I was born in '93, so by the time I came across that old copy of National Geographic, Sharbat was already a grown woman. 1984 - Present 38 years. Unlike in past . Farmer displays failed crops in Megenta, Ethiopia, January 2016. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. In 2009, Alemayehu G. Mariam, professor of Political Science at California State University, wrote a damning article accusing the Ethiopian government under Meles Zenawi of inaction, repression, and obfuscation as major causes of the developing Ethiopian famine. Africa Economic Digest, 2 November 1984, pages 20-21. The harsh reality is that this time Ethiopia is competing for international funds against the migrant crises of war-torn Syria and Yemen. 29 September 1988Nos ltimos seis meses em Gaza, fome mata vinte pessoas em Massangena: em estudo sistema de abastecimento de vveres a partir de Manica. Clearly, famines in Ethiopia have had a long and embattled political history, and that will continue. The rations arrive later every month than the month before. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 62 kb. No road or rail line beyond the limits of Mozambique's cities and towns is safe from mining and ambushes; no Government installation in the countryside - school, clinic, shop or administrative building - is immune to hit-and-run raids. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 71 kb. Learn more Watch on YouTube Watch on Ethiopia is back in international headlines with another apocalyptic-scale famine. [7] 1984 An area twice the size of the United States lives in fear of starving to death. Jonas Savimbi voting. Therefore, the underlying message that some media outlets are trying to push through is that: this is not 1984, when war and government neglect turned failed rains into famine. Abstract. But for now, according to both Mozambican and Western relief officials, the country needs major help from the international community. Report from Summary of World Broadcasts, 8 October 1986. On March 14, Cyclone Idai made landfall in Mozambique, bringing devastation to the port city of Beira and surrounding areas. Click here to view or download a PDF, size 45 kb. In 1983 the Government itself acknowledged the shortcomings of those policies, and since then it has moved closer to the West, joining the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Mint & Used Singles, Plate Blocks, Graded Stamps, Sheets, Line Pairs, Errors, Freaks, Anything and everything dealing with U.S. Stamps. The new president of Mozambique, Joaquim A. Chissano, said last week when he took office to succeed Samora M. Machel, who was killed in a plane crash in South Africa, that ending the war was the country's main task. This great famine began in 1981 through to 1982 and had its peak in 1983. MAPUTO AND VARIOUS, MOZAMBIQUE Mozambique has joined the growing list of African countries hard-hit by the double scourge of drought and food scarcity. The European Common Market has contributed 39,000 tons so far this year, and the United Nations World Food Program 28,212 tons.