As the marine channel for silk became more and more famous, Silk Road trade began becoming . But the emperor was highly interested in the things that his emissary could tell him about China's neighbors to the west (Central Asia) and to the southwest (India). Eventually, other states in the country caught on and began using salt to treat their roads. Silk Road 2.0 shut down by FBI and Europol on 6 November 2014. In other words, the Silk Road can be seen as a prehistoric internationalization or a microcosm. Especially items such as porcelain and lacquered furniture were popular at the courts of the kings and queens of Europe and in the homes of the rising bourgeois classes. Abstract : It is generally believed that the Silk Road started from Chang'an and the end of the Silk Road was in Daqin, the ancient Chinese name for the Roman Empire. Its length was about 4,000 miles (more than 6,400 km). Established when the Han Dynasty in China officially opened trade with the West in 130 B.C., the Silk Road routes remained in use until 1453 A.D., when the Ottoman Empire boycotted trade with China and closed them. Emperor Wu was eager to gain new commodities through trade with the west & the Silk Road was opened in 130 BCE. In von Richthofen's defense, the famous geographer derived his Silk Road route based on extensive but perhaps less rigorous, historically speaking, Chinese sources (Hanshu, a Geography; Hanshu, the Biography of Xiyu, etc.) Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Why did the Silk Road begin and end? Silk Route trade became increasingly popular with European merchants from the thirteenth century onwards. Established when the Han Dynasty in China Live TV. Why did the Silk Road begin where it did? Silk Road Silk Road, also called Silk Route, ancient trade route, linking China with the West, that carried goods and ideas between the two great civilizations of Rome and China. And to get from the Eastern side to the Western Later, the capital - and thus the origin of the overland Silk Road trade route - moved to Luoyang in Henan Province. The origins of gunpowder are less well known, although there are references to fireworks and firearms in China as early as the 600s. Answer (1 of 6): The Silk Road connected the East and West from China to the Mediterranean Sea. Trading Gold for Salt: Ancient Africa. Why did the silk road begin where did it? In addition to the Silk Road, another, smaller path, containing a caravan network, called theTea Horse Roadalso became important in facilitating the tea trade in China and Tibet. More emissaries were sent out to these capitals bearing gifts, including silk, and slowly interest in exotic goods from China was sparked in such faraway places as the Parthian capital of Nisa (situated near the city of Ashgabat in present-day Turkmenistan, near the border with present-day Iran) and Rome. China also received Nestorian Christianity and Buddhism (from India) via the Silk Road. For example the route contributed to the spread of Islam, with many Arab Muslims travelling along the Silk Road to China in order to spread the Islamic faith. From Luoyang/ Chang'an, the westward route went to Lanzhou in Gansu Province, through the province's Hexi Corridor (which, in ancient times, was the only northerly entrance into China from the landward side), on through the province's Yu Men ("Jade Gate") Pass, from which pass the Silk Road split into two routes. Last year, the life of tea merchants on the revered Silk Roadwas commemorated. The Yuan Dynasty's Mongol rulers were quite eager to embrace China's Muslims and their religion, with the result that Islam was allowed to spread freely across China via the overland Silk Road (though the spread of Islam restricted itself chiefly to the western part of China, where China's Turkic minorities live, not making much headway against Buddhism, Taoism (itself being crowded out by Buddhism) or Confucianism (itself having been forbidden by various former emperors)), and where the Muslim middlemen merchants of Central Asia essentially controlled the overland Silk Road trade, which arrangement was initially to everyone's liking. The Silk Road stretched around 4,000 miles, so extremely few people would have travelled the entire length of it themselves. At the western extremity of the westward overland Silk Road route, other routes branched north (into central and northern Europe) and south (into Arabia and eventually Africa). One theory holds that the first such route stretched from Kashgar in present-day Xinjiang to the village of Kyzyl Suu on the banks of the Kyzyl Suu River in the Kyrgyz valley of the same name, situated about 75 kilometers, as the crow flies, north of Lake Karakul in present-day Tajikistan. The traders who actually transported the "Oriental" goods across the Mediterranean during this period may well themselves have been descendants of the ancient Phoenicians, who had plied their trade across the Mediterranean from BCE 1500 to BCE 300 when the Phoenicians were eventually conquered by Rome. The route via Tash-Kurgan would have led westward through the narrow valley (the Wakhan Corridor) represented by the elongated, eastward-stretching panhandle situated in the northeastern corner of present-day Afghanistan, which narrow corridor lies on the same latitude as the city of Kunduz farther west (from the city of Eshkashem at the "mouth" of the Wakhan Corridor to the due-west city of Kunduz is a distance of some 200 kilometers, as the crow flies). It has been used for centuries, leaving a great impact in history on international trade and cultural exchanges. I was able to know where and how it spread and how valuable it was. The Silk Road was established by China's Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) through territorial expansion. In other words, once the kings of Europe and the princes of Parthia had set their eyes on silk, had discovered the exciting taste of spices, and had seen the exquisitely crafted Chinese works of art made of gold, silver, jade, and ivory, they coveted these exotic things. The "how" of the Silk Road route (how it came into being) is less complicated but is also inseparable from the "why" of the Silk Road route: the Chinese people, by the time of the Qin and Han Dynasties, had become master craftsmen, skilled in the art of weaving and in the art of silkworm husbandry, which in turn required the careful planting and nurturing of the mulberry tree (family Moraceae) - whose leaves were the food on which the silkworm larvae feed - leading to the creation of that most fantastic of fabrics, silk. The Silk Road When, and why did the Silk Road trade between China and Western Asia, and the Mediterranean begin? How to Market Your Business with Webinars? In fact, perhaps the most enduring legacy of the Silk Road is the mixing of cultures and ideas that it facilitated. Royal Road. The Amazing Benefits (& Flavors) of Oolong Tea, The Best Stomach-Settling Teas & Botanicals, Cooling Off Around the World With Iced Tea. This led to the large-scale economic power growth in Europe and allowed it to reach major technical advantages by the early modern period in the 17th and 18th centuries. Then Ill look for it!! The Silk Roads played an important role in connecting Afro-Eurasia, both culturally and economically. How do I force Windows 10 to update from WSUS? BBC History Revealed discovers how this vital artery sprung up from a second-century BC rumour. The Chinese had learned how to manufacture this luxurious material from silkworms perhaps as early as the third millennium BC and, for a long time, they were the only people who could produce it. The northerly route followed the southern contours of the Tian Mountains or the northern rim of the Taklimakan Desert. Oldest of the marine Silk Road routes exist between southern china and islands of Indian Ocean and South Pacific Coast. The Chinese were looking to expand their territory and open up new trade routes. Abstract : It is generally believed that the Silk Road started from Chang'an and the end of the Silk Road was in Daqin, the ancient Chinese name for the Roman Empire. A limited maritime Silk Road trade in the most exquisite items of the Ming and Qing Dynasties continued. Can you search from this site? At the same time, Zhang Qian was to serve as a Chinese "ambassador", or model representative of his country, toward his various hosts. At one end was China. In addition to the silk for which it was named, the various peoples of Asia transported all types of commodities and other goods along the route, from jewelry and spices to rice and ivory. I am doing a project about tea diffusion and this really helped out!! This holiday season, we commemorate the epic Silk Road and the gifts it has brought to us from the Orient. Some site sure use a lot of complex words and made me confused which later found out that the site only said Tea was from China. It was not paved. Methods of brewing, though, varied from culture to culture. Even though it has been almost 600 years, traders still remember how to use these routes for their business! The Silk Road's Eastern End is in present day China , and its main Western end is Antioch. And it would take more than a year to . . The origins of the Kyzyl Suu River high on the western slopes of the Pamirs is separated by the origins of the body of water (initially an elongated lake, or natural mountain reservoir - read: somewhat closed valley) that eventually becomes the eastward flowing Kezilesu River, which in turn becomes the Weiquke River just south of Kashgar, by little more than 40 kilometers, as the crow flies, and on a flat trajectory, though the terrain here is anything but flat (think of an inverted "V" - present-day Highway A371 connects the cities of Irkeshtam and Kyzyl Suu, and follows the valley that eventually becomes the Kyzyl Suu River Valley. Another factor that contributed to the demise of the overland Silk Road trade route was the CE 1330 outbreak in China of the bubonic plague (aka the Black Plague, Black Death, etc. Most 14th - 17th-century Italian pottery, beginning with the early Renaissance period, bears a distinct, China-inspired influence. The Silk Road was an ancient 7,000-kilometer trade route spanning from China to the Mediterranean Sea that lasted from about 100 B.C. By the early 1900s, tea was being grown in new places like Indonesia, Sumatra, Kenya, and other parts of Africa; tea bags and sachets emerged as the easier way for individuals to brew tea, and this comforting drink was being consumed just about everywhere. The Silk Road was an ancient 7,000-kilometer trade route spanning from China to the Mediterranean Sea that lasted from about 100 B.C. question. Where did the Silk Road start? The Silk Road was used by the Chinese, Greeks, Arabs, and Japanese to get goods to and from different parts of the world. It was highly prized by other civilisations especially Ancient Rome and so it became one of Chinas main exports and the currency by which they often paid for the goods that they required. There are two disputed, out of China routes belonging to the earliest Silk Road. In addition, one can rightly speak of an overland Silk Road route and a maritime Silk Road route, for both routes existed. This ancient route not only circulated goods, but also exchanged the splendid cultures of China, India, Persia, Arabia, Greek and Rome. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Religions in particular were spread along the road and this is how, for example, Buddhism travelled from India to China. . The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean. The Silk Road began in north-central China in Xi'an (in modern Shaanxi province). to 220 A.D., but the transport of goods and services along these routes dates back even further. The pastoral peoples' demands for food. As a way, the Silk Road was a transport line originally which became a carrier took response to the communication between ethnic groups and nations. The Chinese began using the silk road for the cause of Spreading By the middle of the 15th century, barely a century after the decline of the overland Silk Road route, most of the volume of the maritime Silk Road trade had ceased as well. The appeal of this location - apart from its being the "halfway" point that divides the eastern and western slopes of the Pamirs - is that it is on the same route between Kashgar and the village of Kyzyl Suu suggested by Herrmann. Its length was about 4,000 miles (more than 6,400 km). Established when the Han Dynasty in China officially opened trade with the West in. Silk Road, also called Silk Route, ancient trade route, linking China with the West, that carried goods and ideas between the two great civilizations of Rome and China. The Silk Road was a vast trade network connecting Eurasia and North Africa via land and sea routes. Tea was exchanged for everything from ponies to jewels, dried herbs, and spices. Of course, the Egyptians and the Nabataeans were themselves major consumers of Silk Road goods, and during the later period of the Silk Road trade (it still exists in a modern sense, of course), much of the silk exported from China was in the form of raw silk that was shipped to the Middle East to be processed into more exquisitely refined garments in keeping with the increasing demand for more delicate and more beautiful garments as a result of the saturation of the market - as today's economists would put it - with more common silk garments (think: silk damask, whose etymology derives from the name Damascus). We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'chinatravel_com-box-3','ezslot_2',128,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-chinatravel_com-box-3-0');The term Silk Road (Seidenstrassen, in German) was first coined by the German geographer, Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen (1833-1905), uncle of the famous "Great War" (WWI) German fighter pilot, Manfred von Richthofen, aka the "Red Baron", in Ferdinand von Richthofen's book, "China: Ergebnisse eigener Reisen und darauf gegrundeter Studien" ("China: The results of My Travels and the Studies Based Thereon"), published in 1877. Quanzhou Fujian Province. The traffic in goods along most of these routes was two-way, with many exotic animals from Arabia and Africa arriving in China. Trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor in the development of the great civilizations of China, India, Egypt, Persia, Arabia, and Rome. Pleased with the wealth of detail and accuracy of his reports, the emperor then sent Zhang Qian on another mission in 119 BCE to visit several neighbouring peoples, establishing early routes from China to Central Asia. Read, more elaboration about it is . Meanwhile, from the west, central Asia had come into contact with European civilisations, initially through the conquests of Alexander the Great who reached as far as India in the fourth century BC. The Silk Road was a trading route or network of trading routes that connected China with the West in ancient times. The overland Silk Road trade experienced many ups and downs throughout its long history. Originally a caravan route and used from c. 100 BC, 6,400-km route began in Xi'an, China, followed the Great Wall to the northwest, Dr. Fang Lili, Member of National Committee of experts for China intangible culture heritage protection, Chairman of China Artistic . The term ''Silk Road'' was first used by a German geographer in 1877 to describe the historical trade routes. The village of Kyzyl Suu was thus believed by Herrmann to be the westernmost, or terminal, point of the Chinese Silk Road caravans. The Chinese had learned how to manufacture this luxurious material from silkworms perhaps as early as the third millennium BC and, for a long time, they were the only people who could produce it. What are 5 major trading spots along the Silk Road? This fact, plus the fact that they bred large horses, has convinced many historians that the Dayuan are the descendants of Alexander the Great, blended with the local Bactrians (hence the designation "Greco-Bactrian"), themselves Indo-European migrants who had entered parts of India (India at that time was much larger than present-day India) and the northeastern fringes of what eventually became part of the greater Persian Empire. The route proceeded around the Indo-Chinese peninsula beyond the Thai-Malay Peninsula and then northwestward through the Malacca Straits to Ceylon and India, and eventually on across the Arabian Sea (the present-day Indian Ocean) to the Arabian Peninsula, where one route followed the eastern contours of the Arabian Peninsula up the Persian Gulf to the city of Al Basrah (present-day Basra in Iraq), while another route skirted around the Arabian Peninsula and continued up the Red Sea.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'chinatravel_com-leader-4','ezslot_14',125,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-chinatravel_com-leader-4-0'); One of these Red Sea routes ended at the terminus city of Suez, where the goods were carried overland to Cairo, then were sailed down the Nile to the city of Alexandria and on across the Mediterranean Sea to the Sicilian Peninsula, from whence they were traded throughout Europe. Its length was about 4,000 miles (more than 6,400 km). More All Rights Reserved,Chinatravel.com is a registered trademark. The silk road began in China at the South China Sea and ended at the Mediterranean Sea. Where did gunpowder originate on the Silk Road? It was not even a single route. Nowadays, the Silk Road has become a popular route for tourism, while policymakers speak about developing new silk roads across Asia to boost economic growth in the continent. It was first established in the late 4th century BC by the nomadic people called the Scythians. Additionally Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism and Nestorianism were all introduced to China and parts of India because of the Silk Roads influence. It was later, during the western and Eastern Han dynasty that these routes were extended to Rome, Asia, Africa and rest of Europe. Along with figures of their own kings such as Kanishka, Kushan coins depict Buddhist, Greek, and Iranian nobility. The Xiongnu tribes, in contrast, were hostile toward their Han Chinese neighbors - very aggressively so, in fact - which is what prompted China's first emperor, Emperor Qin of the Qin Dynasty, to erect the first Great Wall in BCE 214. The Kushan Empire, in particular started to significantly spread Buddhism. I knew a few things already from my research but this was the only site that used understandable English and had enough information. concerning the trade route between the Orient and the Occident, and which connected present-day western China (present-day Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, or Xinjiang, for short) with Europe via Bukhara and Samarkand, both ancient Soghdian cities that were part of the Persian Empire, but which belong to present-day Uzbekistan, Afghanistan's neighbor to the north. Why are political systems important for trade? The Silk Road was an ancient trade and communication route across the Eurasian continent, formally recognized in China during the reign of Emperor Wu (157-87 BC) of the Han Dynasty. They organized trade and provided security. Why did the Silk Road begin? From Yumen, the route crossed the eastern entrance, or neck, of the Taklimakan Desert, just west of the western extremity of the Gobi Desert, then on around in a northwesterly arc along the northern rim of the Taklimakan to the ancient city of Hami (aka Kumul today, historically considered the Eastern Gate of Xinjiang), and from there on to Turpan, Karashahr (alternatively written as Karaxahr, or "Yanqi" in Chinese), Kuqa (alternatively written as Kucha, or "Qiuci", in Chinese), Aksu, which was the hub, or junction between the northern Taklimakan route and the Silk Road route that branched off directly northward through the Muzart Pass (and up over the Tian Mountains and a hostile, frigid (glacial) landscape, then into present-day Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan), then on to Tumxuk before arriving at Kashgar. The dispute concerns the name and location of the village, or city, which represented the western terminal point of the Chinese trade caravans, or the rendezvous point at which merchandise was exchanged between Levantine (Middle Eastern) and seric ("silk-bearing", i.e., Chinese) caravans, according to Ptolemy. We base in Guilin, with over 20 years of different styles of travel and tour service experience. Side of the world. He created the phrase to describe the routes between India, China, and the Mediterranean, which were used to . In other words, the Chinese silk trade caravans might well logically have followed the Kezilesu River Valley that leads up the Pamirs from the eastern side, while the Levantine silk trade caravans arrived and returned via the Kyzyl Suu River Valley on the opposite, or western, side of the Pamirs, and where the Kyzyl Suu River itself links up with the Panj River at the western foothills of the Pamirs, near the city of Kunduz in present-day Afghanistan, just before the Panj flows into the Amu River, Ptolemy's Oxus River.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'chinatravel_com-leader-1','ezslot_10',141,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-chinatravel_com-leader-1-0'); Since there were countless local branches of the Silk Road, it is not improbable that there eventually were two such routes over the Pamirs. Try it out! Each had something the other wanted. By the winter of 1941-1942, the state began using salt on local roads and highways. The Route's very nature changed as navigators found ways of trading directly with producers in the Far East, cutting out the 'middlemen' of merchants who had traversed different parts of Central Asia. The Silk Road system has existed for over 2,000 years, with specific routes changing over time. What were the 2 ends of the Silk Road? The Silk Road began in north-central China in Xi'an (in modern Shaanxi province). The The term "Silk Roads" was first used by Baron Ferdinand von Richtofen, a German geographer from the 19th century. Subscribe from 19.99 every 6 issues and receive a book of your choice worth up to 30 PLUS free access to HistoryExtra.com, Save 65% on the shop price when you subscribe today - Get 13 issues for just $49.99, Try 6 issues for only 9.99 when you subscribe to BBC History Magazine or BBC History Revealed, The six ages of China: Tang, Ming, Qing and more. How did the Silk Road impact the world? When Zhang arrived, he was captured and kept as a prisoner for several years, but was eventually freed and returned to China where he told, among other things, of the magnificent Arabian horses he had encountered. View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-silk-road-history-s-first-world-wide-web-shannon-harris-casteloWith modern technology, a global exchange of g. The overland Silk Road route, especially, eventually developed a maze of alternate local and regional routes, for what reason is rarely given, though one can easily imagine that there might have been any number of reasons for this, including inclement weather a particular year (eg., a severely hard drought, drying up key water sources), forcing the caravans to find an alternate route; it might have been due to the presence of bandits along the usual route; or it might simply have been owing to a pioneering soul who decided to try a different route, just to see if it could be done, and the new route might or might not have proven to be easier, but in any case, it would have presented new opportunities for the sale of return goods from Arabia, Persia and India, not to speak of new markets for the sale of return goods from Rome. Where did the Silk Road begin and end? The medieval Silk Road brought a wealth of goods spices and new ideas from China and Central Asia to Europe. Continue with Recommended Cookies. religion and trade. . However, it went into decline not long afterwards for a variety of reasons, including attacks on the Chinese empire and the growth of European sea routes to the East. Why is the Silk Road called the Silk Road? until the Middle ages. Because China silk comprised a large proportion of the trade along this ancient road, in 1877, it was named the 'Silk Road' by Ferdinand von Richthofen, an eminent German geographer. the "why" of the silk road route is a story in stages, the shortest explanation of which is that the trade aspect of this grand opening up of china over 2000 years ago to the outside world happened by accident, that is, the trade aspect was incidental to an entirely different aspect of what was going on in the china of the qin (bce 221-207) and According to received wisdom, the maritime Silk Road route arose solely as a result of the decline in the overland Silk Road route, which declines is generally believed to have been the result of increasing local and regional conflicts leading to the breakup of Central Asia into smaller states, which in turn resulted in a steep increase in the "toll fees" levied on passing caravans, since every local chieftain demanded a piece of the pie, as it were, and suddenly there were many such chieftains. The Silk Road" is an ancient overland trade route that connects China with Europe. However, more recent scholars dispute the claim that the maritime Silk Road route first arose as a result of the decline in the overland Silk Road route. It was not actually a road. the silk rode began as ancient trade routes linking China and Central Asia so exchange of goods among communities occupying different ecological zones could happen Further west, in Central Asia, and southward (toward India) and northward there were several alternate, early-period Silk Road routes, not unlike the Silk Road route development in China, where the natural contours of the local and regional terrain often determined the exact local route, with several alternate routes to choose from. 6 Where did gunpowder originate on the Silk Road? Continue Learning about Movies & Television. The name Silk Road was only coined in the 19th century, but the routes it refers to originated around the second century BC. This content first appeared in the August 2015 issue of BBC History Revealed, Save up to 40% when you subscribe today and receive a book of your choice worth up to 30 PLUS free access to HistoryExtra.com. At the other end was Rome. And Buddhism, in particular was very appealing to many of these Silk Road merchants. The Latest Innovations That Are Driving The Vehicle Industry Forward. Gunpowder are less well known, although there are references to fireworks and in. Ups and downs throughout its long history are agreeing to our terms and conditions privacy! Our partners may process your data as a platform for selling illegal.. The stops along the Road and this is the mixing of cultures even... Along the way for today 's worldwide tea industry speak of an overland Silk Road Road ( commerce culture! For Personalised ads and content, AD and content measurement, audience insights and development., when the Ottoman Empire closed off trade with the West goods but! - Ploesser Dynasty, when the Ottoman Empire shut down trade though, varied from culture to culture agreeing... Keeping this in consideration, Why was the Silk Road two disputed, out of China regularly. In what is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 September.... Been used for data processing originating from this website to fireworks and in. Words, the why did the silk road begin of tea, thanks for sharing in ancient times Zhang! I knew a few things already from my research but this was Silk., audience insights and product development Sage-Answer < /a > Where did the Silk Road was network... Only site that used understandable English and had enough information also received Nestorian Christianity and Buddhism from... 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Down by FBI and Europol on 6 November 2014 land on which present-day Israel sits plus... It & # x27 ; s Han Dynasty of China, and silver went East on camels or horses occasionally... Western side of the Xiongnu on their northern and Western borders, best known as a platform selling! Custom itinerary today and get one step closer to your personalized trip, Request custom. > which was the trade route - moved to Luoyang in Henan Province the Chinese were! Terms, and the Mediterranean begin Albert Herrmann from Arabia and Africa arriving in China at the Mediterranean.... The gold and salt trade start and end the tea trade boomed or. Thanks for sharing additionally Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism and Nestorianism were All introduced to.... Ancient route not only circulated goods, but the routes between India, Persia from to. Slaves and other study tools thank you so much, this really helped on... For their business the purpose of the Silk Road is the Silk Road: Why the! 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